L O A D I N G

Testing

TESTING

Testing for metal buildings and metal roofing is essential for ensuring safety, compliance, durability, performance, and overall quality. It protects both the builders and the occupants, providing confidence that the structures will perform as expected under various conditions.

ASTM

ASTM International, formerly known as the American Society for Testing and Materials, is a globally recognized organization that develops and publishes technical standards for a wide range of materials, products, systems, and services. ASTM standards are used by manufacturers, engineers, architects, researchers, and regulatory authorities worldwide to ensure product quality, safety, and performance, as well as to facilitate trade and innovation.

Standard test method of conducting strength tests of panels for building construction.

ASTM E72 specifically pertains to the determination of the static axial tensile strength of metallic materials in the form of wire, bar, or rod. The test method involves subjecting a specimen to a tensile load until it fractures, measuring the load and the corresponding elongation or deformation of the specimen, and calculating the tensile strength based on these measurements.

Standard test method for determining rate of air leakage through exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors under specified pressure differences across the specimen.

The test involves subjecting the specimen (such as a window, curtain wall, or door assembly) to varying air pressure differentials while measuring the airflow through leaks or gaps in the specimen. By controlling the pressure differentials and monitoring airflow rates, the test determines the air leakage rate in cubic feet per minute per square foot of specimen area (cfm/ft²) at specified pressure differentials.

 

Standard test method for the structural performance of exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors by uniform static air pressure difference. 

  • The test involves subjecting the specimen (such as a window, curtain wall, or door assembly) to progressively increasing uniform static air pressure differences across its surface while monitoring deflection, deformation, and any signs of failure. By applying controlled loads and observing the response of the specimen, the test assesses its structural integrity and resistance to wind-induced deflection, displacement, and failure.

Standard test method for water penetration of exterior windows, skylights, doors and curtain walls by uniform static air pressure difference.

  • The test involves subjecting the specimen (such as a window, curtain wall, or door assembly) to progressively increasing uniform static air pressure differences across its surface while simultaneously applying water to the exterior face of the specimen. By monitoring any water penetration through the specimen and observing any signs of leakage or water ingress, the test evaluates its resistance to water infiltration under simulated wind-driven rain conditions.

Standard test method for field testing uplift resistance of adhered membrane roofing systems.

  • The test involves measuring the spectral reflectance, transmittance, and/or absorptance of the material across different wavelengths of the solar spectrum. By analyzing the material’s response to solar radiation, including its ability to reflect, absorb, or transmit solar energy, the test provides valuable data on its solar properties.

Standard test method for field determination of water penetration of installed exterior windows, skylights, doors, and curtain walls, by uniform or cyclic static air pressure difference.

  • The test involves subjecting the specimen (such as a window, curtain wall, or door assembly) to a controlled amount of water spray or rainfall while simultaneously applying a uniform static air pressure difference across its surface. By monitoring any water penetration through the specimen and observing any signs of leakage or water ingress, the test evaluates its resistance to water infiltration under simulated rain conditions.

Standard test method for the structural performance of sheet metal roof and siding system by uniform static air pressure difference.

  • The test involves subjecting the specimen (such as a window, curtain wall, or door assembly) to simulated wind loads using a specialized test apparatus or facility. By applying controlled wind pressures and loads to the specimen and monitoring its response, including deflection, deformation, and any signs of failure, the test evaluates its structural integrity and resistance to wind-induced forces.

Standard test method for: water penetration of metal roof panel systems by uniform static air pressure difference.

  • The test involves subjecting the specimen (such as a window, curtain wall, or door assembly) to a controlled amount of water spray or rainfall while simultaneously applying a uniform static air pressure difference across its surface. By monitoring any water penetration through the specimen and observing any signs of leakage or water ingress, the test evaluates its resistance to water infiltration under simulated rain conditions.

Standard test method for performance of exterior windows, curtain walls, doors and storm shutters impacted by missiles and exposed to cyclic pressure differentials.

  • The test involves subjecting the specimen (such as a window, curtain wall, or door assembly) to progressively increasing uniform static air pressure differences across its surface while monitoring its response, including deflection, deformation, and any signs of failure. By applying controlled wind pressures and loads to the specimen, the test evaluates its structural integrity and resistance to wind-induced forces.

Standard specification for performance of exterior windows, glazed curtain walls, doors and storm shutters impacted by wind-borne debris in hurricanes.

  • The specification outlines requirements for the design, construction, and testing of exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors intended for use in regions susceptible to extreme wind events. It covers aspects such as material selection, structural design, installation methods, and performance testing criteria.

Standard test method for water penetration of metal roof panel systems by static water pressure head.

  • The test involves subjecting the specimen (such as a window, curtain wall, or door assembly) to a controlled amount of water spray or rainfall while simultaneously applying a uniform static air pressure difference across its surface. By monitoring any water penetration through the specimen and observing any signs of leakage or water ingress, the test evaluates its resistance to water infiltration under simulated rain conditions and air pressure differentials.

DADE COUNTY

TAS is a test standard used in the state of Florida, specifically in Miami-Dade County and Broward County. TAS stands for “Test Application Standard,” and TAS are a series of standards developed by the Florida Building Code to ensure the safety and resilience of building components against high winds and hurricanes (high-velocity hurricane zones HVHZ).   

Wind driven rain test.  TAS 100 outlines the procedures and criteria for testing the impact resistance of windows, doors, and shutters when subjected to wind-borne debris impacts. This test evaluates the ability of these building components to withstand impacts from airborne debris during severe weather events such as hurricanes, which is crucial for protecting buildings and occupants from wind-driven projectiles and maintaining the integrity of the building envelope.

Uniform static air positive and negative pressure difference.  TAS 125 outlines the procedures and criteria for testing the performance of windows, doors, and shutters in resisting wind-driven rain and water infiltration. This test evaluates the ability of these building components to prevent water penetration under simulated rainfall conditions and air pressure differentials, which is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the building envelope and preventing water damage to interior spaces.

Impact test.  TAS 201 outlines the procedures and criteria for testing the performance of windows, doors, and shutters in resisting wind pressures, impact from wind-borne debris, and water infiltration under extreme wind conditions. This test evaluates the ability of these building components to withstand the forces exerted by hurricanes and severe weather events, which is crucial for protecting buildings and occupants from wind-driven projectiles, structural failure, and water intrusion.

Criteria for resting impact and non-impact resistant building envelope components using uniform static air pressure.

TAS 202 outlines the procedures and criteria for testing the performance of windows, doors, and shutters in resisting wind pressures and impact from wind-borne debris under extreme wind conditions. This test evaluates the ability of these building components to withstand the forces exerted by hurricanes and severe weather events, which is crucial for protecting buildings and occupants from wind-driven projectiles and structural failure.

Criteria for testing products subject to cyclic wind pressure loading.

TAS 202 outlines the procedures and criteria for testing the performance of windows, doors, and shutters in resisting wind pressures and impact from wind-borne debris under extreme wind conditions. This test evaluates the ability of these building components to withstand the forces exerted by hurricanes and severe weather events, which is crucial for protecting buildings and occupants from wind-driven projectiles and structural failure.

Appendix G, Susceptibility to leakage test procedure for class 1 panel roof.

FM 4471 specifically pertains to the certification of windstorm-resistant construction. This standard outlines the requirements and procedures for evaluating the structural integrity and wind resistance of buildings and building components, such as roofs, walls, and windows, in high-wind regions.

FACTORY MUTUAL

Factory Mutual (FM) is a global insurance company specializing in property insurance and risk management services for businesses. It was founded in 1835 and has since become one of the world’s largest commercial property insurers.

The company conducts extensive research, testing, and engineering analysis to identify and mitigate potential risks for its clients. This includes evaluating building construction, fire protection systems, equipment reliability, and other factors that can affect property safety and resilience.

FM Global Loss Prevention Data Sheet 1-52 (FM 1-52)

 

FM 4471 is designed to evaluate the wind uplift resistance of roof assemblies, including the roof covering, insulation, and structural components. The goal is to ensure that roof assemblies can withstand the forces exerted by high winds, such as those experienced during hurricanes and severe storms.

Impact test.  TAS 201 outlines the procedures and criteria for testing the performance of windows, doors, and shutters in resisting wind pressures, impact from wind-borne debris, and water infiltration under extreme wind conditions. This test evaluates the ability of these building components to withstand the forces exerted by hurricanes and severe weather events, which is crucial for protecting buildings and occupants from wind-driven projectiles, structural failure, and water intrusion.

Criteria for resting impact and non-impact resistant building envelope components using uniform static air pressure.

TAS 202 outlines the procedures and criteria for testing the performance of windows, doors, and shutters in resisting wind pressures and impact from wind-borne debris under extreme wind conditions. This test evaluates the ability of these building components to withstand the forces exerted by hurricanes and severe weather events, which is crucial for protecting buildings and occupants from wind-driven projectiles and structural failure.

Criteria for testing products subject to cyclic wind pressure loading.

TAS 202 outlines the procedures and criteria for testing the performance of windows, doors, and shutters in resisting wind pressures and impact from wind-borne debris under extreme wind conditions. This test evaluates the ability of these building components to withstand the forces exerted by hurricanes and severe weather events, which is crucial for protecting buildings and occupants from wind-driven projectiles and structural failure.

Appendix G, Susceptibility to leakage test procedure for class 1 panel roof.

FM 4471 specifically pertains to the certification of windstorm-resistant construction. This standard outlines the requirements and procedures for evaluating the structural integrity and wind resistance of buildings and building components, such as roofs, walls, and windows, in high-wind regions.

UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES (UL)

Underwriters Laboratories (UL) is a global safety certification company that tests, inspects, and certifies products, systems, and materials for compliance with safety and performance standards. Founded in 1894, UL is one of the world’s leading independent product safety organizations, providing expertise in areas such as electrical safety, fire safety, environmental testing, and certification of hazardous locations.

Tests for uplift Resistance of Roof Assemblies.

  1. Scope: UL 580 covers roof assemblies with metal roof coverings that are mechanically attached or adhesive-applied to a substrate. It addresses the evaluation of the uplift resistance of these assemblies under various wind conditions.

  2. Test Methods: The standard specifies the test methods for subjecting roof assemblies to simulated wind uplift forces. This typically involves applying controlled pressure to the surface of the roof assembly using specialized equipment and measuring devices.

  3. Performance Criteria: UL 580 establishes performance criteria for evaluating the resistance of roof assemblies to wind uplift forces. These criteria may include allowable deflection limits, maximum pressure levels, and criteria for failure.

  4. Certification Process: Manufacturers of roof assemblies can seek certification from UL by submitting their products for testing and evaluation in accordance with UL 580. If the roof assemblies meet the performance criteria specified in the standard, they may receive UL certification, which provides assurance of compliance with recognized safety and performance standards.

  5. Compliance: Compliance with UL 580 may be required by building codes, regulatory authorities, or project specifications to ensure that roof assemblies meet recognized standards for wind resistance. Achieving UL certification demonstrates that a roof assembly has been tested and verified to withstand wind uplift forces, helping to reduce the risk of damage and loss during severe weather events.

Uplift Tests for Roof Covering Systems 1897 include:

  1. Scope: UL 1897 applies to both field-assembled and factory-assembled gas-fired roof-top units. These units are commonly used in commercial and industrial buildings for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) purposes.

  2. Testing Requirements: The standard specifies testing requirements for various aspects of gas-fired roof-top units, including their combustion efficiency, exhaust systems, safety controls, and overall performance. These tests are conducted to ensure that the units meet safety and performance criteria established by UL.

  3. Certification Process: Manufacturers of gas-fired roof-top units can seek certification from UL by submitting their products for testing and evaluation in accordance with UL 1897. If the units meet the requirements of the standard, they may receive UL certification, which provides assurance of compliance with recognized safety and performance standards.

  4. Compliance: Compliance with UL 1897 may be required by building codes, regulatory authorities, or project specifications to ensure that gas-fired roof-top units meet recognized standards for safety and performance. Achieving UL certification demonstrates that a unit has been tested and verified to meet these standards, helping to ensure the safety and reliability of HVAC systems in commercial and industrial buildings.

 

Impact Resistance of Prepared Roof Covering Materials.

  1. Testing Procedure: UL 2218 specifies the test procedure for evaluating the impact resistance of roofing materials. The test involves dropping steel balls of various sizes and weights onto samples of the roofing material from specified heights. The samples are then inspected for signs of damage, such as cracks, fractures, or ruptures.

  2. Impact Ratings: Based on the results of the testing, roofing materials are assigned impact resistance ratings ranging from Class 1 to Class 4, with Class 4 being the highest level of impact resistance. These ratings provide consumers and building owners with information about the ability of roofing materials to withstand hail and other impact forces.

  3. Certification Process: Manufacturers of roofing materials can seek certification from UL by submitting their products for testing and evaluation in accordance with UL 2218. If the roofing materials meet the requirements of the standard and achieve a specified impact resistance rating, they may receive UL certification, which provides assurance of compliance with recognized safety and performance standards.

  4. Compliance: Compliance with UL 2218 may be required by building codes, insurance companies, or project specifications to ensure that roofing materials meet recognized standards for impact resistance. Achieving UL certification demonstrates that a roofing material has been tested and verified to withstand the impact of hailstones and other falling debris, helping to reduce the risk of damage and loss during severe weather events.

AISI

AISI serves as the voice of the American steel industry in the public policy arena and advances the case for steel in the marketplace as the preferred material of choice. AISI also plays a lead role in the development and application of new steels and steelmaking technology.

Cantilever Test Method for Cold-Formed Steel Diaphragms.

  1. Material Requirements: The standard outlines the material specifications for cold-formed steel members, including requirements for the steel grade, thickness, and coating.

  2. Design Criteria: AISI TS-7-02 provides design criteria for various types of cold-formed steel members, such as studs, joists, headers, and track systems. This includes design equations, load combinations, and factors of safety to ensure structural integrity and performance.

  3. Connection Details: The standard includes specifications for the design and detailing of connections between cold-formed steel members, including fasteners, welds, and mechanical connectors.

  4. Installation Requirements: AISI TS-7-02 may also include guidelines for the installation of cold-formed steel members, such as bracing requirements, alignment tolerances, and quality control measures.

  5. Compliance: Compliance with AISI TS-7-02 may be required by building codes, regulatory authorities, or project specifications to ensure that cold-formed steel structural members meet recognized standards for safety and performance.

Base Test method for Purlin Supporting a Standing Seam Roof System.

  1. Material Requirements: The standard outlines the material specifications for steel sheet piling, including requirements for the steel grade, thickness, and coating.

  2. Design Criteria: AISI TS-8-02 provides design criteria for various types of steel sheet piling, such as straight web, U-shaped, and Z-shaped sections. This includes design equations, load combinations, and factors of safety to ensure structural integrity and performance.

  3. Connection Details: The standard includes specifications for the design and detailing of connections between steel sheet piling sections, including interlocks, splices, and tieback systems.

  4. Installation Requirements: AISI TS-8-02 may also include guidelines for the installation of steel sheet piling, such as driving methods, driving equipment, and alignment tolerances.

  5. Corrosion Protection: The standard may address corrosion protection measures for steel sheet piling, such as coatings, cathodic protection, or sacrificial anodes.

  6. Compliance: Compliance with AISI TS-8-02 may be required by building codes, regulatory authorities, or project specifications to ensure that steel sheet piling structures meet recognized standards for safety and performance.